What to Do If Probiotics Cause Constipation
Probiotics are live microbes, the “good bacteria” you may have heard about, that live in your gut and can help support healthy digestion. (10) Most people take them without any trouble. When side effects do occur, they are usually mild and digestive, and they tend to ease as your body adjusts. (7) Some people may notice temporary changes in the first week or two, such as gas, bloating, or a feeling of being backed up.
This article explains why that can happen, offers simple steps that may help you feel more comfortable, and describes the signs that mean it is time to check in with your provider.
Key takeaways:
- Probiotics are microbes that can help support your gut and digestion. (10)
- When probiotics do cause side effects, they are usually mild, temporary, and digestive — more often gas or bloating than constipation. (3)(7)
- Constipation is common in the general population: about 16 in 100 U.S. adults have symptoms, rising to about 33 in 100 adults age 60 and older. (11)
- Simple changes often help to support normal bowel movements, such as drinking more fluids, gradually adding fiber, and staying active. (13)
- Certain probiotic strains may actually help you have more regular bowel movements, though results vary. (1)
- Contact your provider if constipation is severe, lasts more than a few weeks, or is accompanied by pain. (14)
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Can probiotics cause constipation?
Probiotics are microbes that support gut health and aid digestion. (10) When you first start taking them, though, your digestive system needs a little time to adjust. During this period, some people notice temporary symptoms—most commonly gas or bloating, and occasionally a feeling of being backed up. These effects are usually mild and short-lived, and they can differ from one strain (and one person) to the next. (3)(7)
It is also worth remembering that constipation is common on its own, whether or not you take probiotics. About 16 out of 100 adults in the United States have symptoms of constipation, and that figure rises to roughly 33 out of 100 adults age 60 and older. (11)
Signs of constipation
You may be constipated if you have fewer than three bowel movements in a week, or if your stool is hard, dry, or difficult to pass. (12) Other common signs include:
- Bloating or a feeling of fullness
- Abdominal cramping
- A sense that you have not completely emptied your bowels (4)
Before assuming probiotics are the cause, keep in mind that many everyday factors can lead to constipation, including a low-fiber diet, not drinking enough fluids, and too little physical activity. (12) Certain medicines can also be responsible. (8) Your provider can help you identify what is actually behind it.
Simple steps that can help
If you feel backed up, a few straightforward changes can make bowel movements easier:
- Drink more fluids, especially water, to stay well hydrated.
- Add fiber gradually into your diet—fruits, vegetables, beans, nuts, and whole grains are all good sources. Increasing fiber slowly gives your gut time to adjust.
- Stay physically active; even a short daily walk can help.
- Respond to the urge to go rather than putting it off.
- Try to have a bowel movement at the same time each day to build a routine. (13)
These measures are gentle and appropriate for most people. If you use over-the-counter laxatives, use them only for a short time, and talk with your provider before relying on them for longer. (9)
Adjusting how you take probiotics
Sometimes a simple change is enough. It may help to start with a lower dose and increase it gradually, which gives the gut time to adapt. (5) It is best to make these adjustments with your provider’s guidance.
The specific strain matters, too. Some research suggests that certain probiotic strains may help you have more regular bowel movements. In one review, the strains Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) and Lactobacillus casei Shirota (L. casei Shirota) were associated with more frequent bowel movements, though results varied. (1)
When to see your provider
Most mild constipation resolves on its own. Contact your provider if:
- Your constipation is severe, lasts more than 2–3 weeks, or keeps returning.
- You have significant abdominal pain, vomiting, or blood in your stool.
- You have a fever, unintentional weight loss, or other signs of illness. (12)(14)
Seeking help early can keep a small problem from becoming a larger one. Because your provider knows your health history, they can point you toward the right next step.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can probiotics really cause constipation?
It is possible, but uncommon. (8) When people start a probiotic, the more typical adjustment symptoms are gas and bloating. (3)(6) These effects are usually mild and tend to ease on their own. (2)
How long do the effects last?
For most people, they are short-lived and go away on their own as the body adjusts. (2) If symptoms continue or worsen, talk with your provider.
Should I stop taking probiotics if I get constipated?
Not necessarily. First try drinking more fluids, slowly adding fiber, and lowering your probiotic dose. (12) If your symptoms do not improve or are particularly bothersome, stopping or switching the type of probiotic may be a reasonable option. Check in with your provider.
Do probiotics help constipation in children?
They may. One umbrella review found that probiotics were associated with more frequent bowel movements in children with functional constipation, although the results varied and the quality of the underlying studies was limited. (6) Always talk with your child’s provider first.
What is the best probiotic for constipation?
There is no single best option for everyone. Some strains, such as B. lactis and L. casei Shirota, may help with regularity. (1) Your provider can help you choose one that fits your needs.
The bottom line
Probiotics are intended to support digestion, and most people tolerate them well. (7) For some, the first week or two brings mild, temporary changes—usually gas or bloating, and occasionally a feeling of being backed up. (2) The good news is that this is typically easy to manage: drink more fluids, add fiber gradually, stay active, and consider starting with a lower probiotic dose. Pay attention to how you feel, and stay in touch with your provider.
Health is a journey. Find your guide.
Fullscript Connect helps you find a healthcare provider that partners with you — from where you are now to where you want to be. Easily explore profiles and pricing, find the right fit, and book today.